Sunday, October 16 – the day in history

Today is Sunday, October 16, the 289th day of 2005. There are 76 days left in the year. Highlights in history on this date:

1793 - Queen Marie Antoinette is beheaded during the French Revolution.

1846 - American dentist William Morton demonstrates the effectiveness of ether as an anesthetic by administering it to a patient undergoing jaw surgery.

1859 - Anti-slavery activist John Brown leads a group of about 20 men in a raid on Harper Ferry, West Virginia. The rebels are soon killed, but the incident brings the American Civil War closer.

1916 - Margaret Sanger opens the first birth-control clinic, in New York City.

1946 - Ten Nazi war criminals condemned during the Nuremberg trials are hung.

1949 - The new East German Democratic Republic establishes formal diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

1952 - An estimated 10,000 Communist-led Viet Minh troops launch an offensive in northwestern Indochina, overrunning French Union forces in the Nghialo basin.

1957 - U.S. State Secretary John Foster Dulles warns the Soviet Union it would face armed American retaliation in event of a Russian attack on Turkey.

1962 - The Cuban missile crisis begins when U.S. President John F. Kennedy is informed by his aides that reconnaissance photographs reveal the presence of missile bases in Cuba.

1964 - China detonates its first atomic bomb.

1970 - Anwar Sadat is elected president of Egypt, succeeding the late Gamel Abdel Nasser.

1973 - Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a cease-fire in the Vietnam war; the Vietnamese official declines the award saying the Vietnamese don't have peace, so he can't accept a peace award. The war continues for a few more years.

1978 - The College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church choose Cardinal Karol Wojtyla to be the new Pope; he takes the name John Paul II. He is the first non-Italian pope in 456 years.

1983 - A U.S. Marine is killed and three are wounded in a sniper and grenade attack at Beirut International Airport.

1987 - Rescuers free Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old girl trapped in an abandoned well for 58 hours in Midland, Texas.

1990 - U.S. President George Bush signs the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, prohibiting employers from discriminating against older workers in providing pensions and disability payments.

1991 - A man crashes a pickup truck into a restaurant in Killeen, Texas, and shoots patrons, killing 23 people before taking his own life.

1992 - Indigenous rights activist Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala is named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

1994 - Chancellor Helmut Kohl's government wins a thin majority in Germany's elections.

1995 - A vast throng of black men gather in Washington for the "Million Man March" led by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.

1996 - Fans try to squeeze into a World Cup qualifying soccer match in Guatemala City, killing 78 and injuring more than 100 in the crush.

1997 - Swiss investigators freeze the bank accounts of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and her family after allegations surrounding the illegal obtaining of $13.8 million while she was in office.

1998 - British police arrest former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet in London for questioning about allegations that he had murdered Spanish citizens during his years in power.

1999 - A New York Air National Guard plane rescues Dr. Jerri Nielsen from a South Pole research center after she spent five months isolated by the Antarctic winter, forcing her to treat herself for breast cancer.

2000 - Tens of thousands of Italians seek shelter on high ground as torrential rains continue to fall in northern Italy and southern Switzerland. The deluge blocks transport links and hampers power supplies.

2001 -Tickets for the first commercial flight of a British Airways Concorde since the supersonic fleet was grounded 15 months ago goes on sale. Half of the 100 tickets for its first fare-paying London-New York flight in November are sold in the first two hours.

2002 - The North Korean government admits it had been conducting a major covert nuclear-weapons development program for several years, in violation of international agreements.

2003 - Pope John Paul II celebrates the 25th anniversary of his election as pope, making him the fourth-longest serving pope in Catholic Church history.

2004 - A U.S.-Russian crew has to turn off autopilot and manually moor their Soyuz spacecraft to the international space station after an unidentified glitch results in a dangerously high approach speed _ a tough test for two Russians and an American none of whom have flown the ship before.

Today's Birthdays: Oscar Wilde, British writer (1854-1900); David Ben-Gurion, first prime minister of Israel (1886-1973); Eugene O'Neill, U.S. playwright and Nobel laureate (1888-1953); Michael Collins, Irish leader (1890-1922); Enver Hoxha, Albanian Communist leader (1908-1985); Angela Lansbury, U.S. actress (1925--); Guenther Grass, German writer (1927--), Kellie Martin, U.S. actress (1975--).

Thought for Today: To walk into history is to be free at once, to be at large among people - Elizabeth Bowen, Irish-born author (1899-1973), AP reports.

A. A.