New Research Shows Birds Are One of Earth’s Most Powerful Natural Pest Regulators

Every year, birds perform enormous work that remains largely invisible to the human eye: they regulate insect populations and maintain the natural equilibrium of entire ecosystems. For decades, researchers attempted to quantify this phenomenon by comparing field observations with biological models. Only in recent years, thanks to improved analytical methods and more refined ecological databases, have scientists obtained figures that can be considered the most accurate to date. These estimates remain relevant as of the end of 2025, consistently reinforced by new research projects.

What the Scientists Measured

A team from the University of Basel conducted an extensive analysis of avian feeding patterns, drawing on dozens of field studies and satellite-based ecosystem models. They considered various groups of insect-eating birds—forest species, grassland species, coastal birds, and urban populations. Although these groups inhabit very different environments, the role of birds in controlling insects proved equally significant everywhere.

According to the study, published in The Science of Nature, birds collectively consume approximately 500 million tons of insects each year. This extraordinary figure includes not only insects themselves but also small invertebrates such as larvae, caterpillars, worms, moths, and other tiny members of the animal world.

These findings show that birds function as one of nature’s essential biological “filters.” Without their presence, many insect populations would multiply severalfold, triggering forest degradation, reduced crop yields, and breakdowns in food chains.

Why These Estimates Matter Today

In recent years, ecologists have increasingly warned about the declining numbers of insect-eating birds due to urbanization and climate change. Against this backdrop, understanding the magnitude of the work birds perform becomes especially important. A decrease in bird populations directly translates into rising insect numbers—many of which are far from beneficial.

To provide context, researchers compared these figures with other natural “predators” of insects. Earlier studies show that spiders consume between 400 and 800 million tons of small invertebrates annually. This means birds and spiders together form two global regulatory forces that uphold ecological stability across the planet.

Who Consumes How Many Insects

How to Support Birds in Urban Environments

Set up feeders with seeds and protein-rich blends to help birds recover after the demanding hunting season.

Provide water basins and shallow baths: in hot climates these help birds endure dry periods.

Plant shrubs and fruit-bearing trees that offer natural food sources and shelter.

Use eco-friendly plant protection instead of aggressive insecticides, preserving the food base birds depend on.

Choose durable birdhouses and nest boxes resistant to moisture and frost to ensure safe places for nesting.