How China’s Rice–Fish–Duck Method Boosts Yields Without Chemicals

In China, a traditional agricultural approach known as the rice–fish–duck system helps control pests, reduce the need for pesticides and fertilizers, preserve soil fertility, and even improve overall farm productivity. That is why agronomists and environmental scientists around the world are taking a fresh look at this model, according to CPG.

How the Rice–Fish–Duck System Works

After rice seedlings are planted, farmers introduce young ducks and freshwater fish such as carp into the flooded fields. Each participant in the system plays a specific role that supports the entire ecosystem.

Ducks feed on insects, larvae, snails, and some weeds—organisms that typically damage rice crops. As they move through the fields, they gently stir the top layer of soil, improving water circulation and reducing the risk of excessive algae growth.

Fish consume mosquito larvae, small invertebrates, and organic debris. Their activity enriches the water and soil with natural nutrients, which reach the rice roots more efficiently. This creates a closed-loop system in which rice benefits from healthier water and soil, while farmers rely less on external inputs.

Natural Pest Control and Healthier Soil

The most striking advantage of this model lies in biological pest control. Because ducks and fish continuously reduce insect and snail populations, farms can sharply cut their use of chemical pesticides. This lowers costs while reducing chemical stress on soil, water, and crops.

Unlike intensive monoculture farming, which often compacts soil and depletes organic matter, the integrated system improves soil structure. Constant movement in the water and organic waste increase organic content, enhance moisture retention, and support active soil microorganisms.

Farmers often describe these fields as more resilient. They withstand weather extremes—from droughts to heavy rainfall—more effectively and maintain productivity longer without increasing chemical fertilizer use.

Higher Productivity and Additional Income

This system goes beyond environmental benefits. It delivers multiple outputs at once: rice harvests and animal protein. Farmers can sell ducks and fish locally or use them for household consumption, strengthening food security and diversifying income.

In some regions, this approach has evolved into a local three-product model—rice, fish, and duck—where lower spending on pesticides and fertilizers translates into greater economic independence and long-term sustainability.