Why ocean swimming is generally safer than freshwater for intestines

Swimming in the ocean generally carries a lower risk of intestinal infection compared to freshwater bodies. According to Alexander Umnov, senior lecturer at the Department of Surgery at GUP, the presence of sodium chloride (salt) and iodine in seawater suppresses the activity of many pathogenic microorganisms by disrupting their cell membranes and hindering replication.

Freshwater vs. Saltwater Risks

In closed or stagnant freshwater lakes and ponds, especially during high air temperatures, conditions are favorable for the growth of pathogens such as the dysentery bacillus, Giardia, and hepatitis A. In contrast, the survival rate of these pathogens drops significantly in the sea due to the antiseptic properties of the saline environment.

Potential Hazards in Seawater

While salt reduces the risk, it does not eliminate all threats. Certain microorganisms, known as halophilic vibrios, are adapted to high salinity and can cause gastroenteritis or soft tissue inflammation. Additionally, high concentrations of people in shallow waters increase organic pollution, which may lead to profuse diarrhea if contaminated water-containing sewage or waste-is accidentally swallowed.

Individuals with skin damage or compromised immunity are at higher risk, as pathogens can enter the body through micro-cuts or mucous membranes of the eyes. To reduce risks, surgeons recommend choosing secluded beaches with clean water and avoiding swimming near ports or storm drains.

In an interview with Pravda. Ru, infectious disease specialist Svetlana Polyakova emphasized that while seawater lowers the probability of infection, it does not destroy all viruses. She noted that maintaining strict hygiene and monitoring food quality during coastal vacations remains critical.

Summary of Safety Measures

• Avoid swallowing seawater.
• Rinse eyes with clean water after swimming.
• Select open water areas and avoid overcrowded shallow zones.
• Avoid swimming near industrial or urban discharge points.

Important: This article is for general information and does not replace medical advice. Do not start, stop, or change treatment without a qualified clinician.

Source: This article was adapted from an original Russian-language publication by Pravda. Ru.