Mutations Can't Produce Upward Evolution!
by Babu G. Ranganathan
What are mutations really? In biology, true mutations are really accidents in the genetic code. The mutations are caused by environmental forces such as radiation. The energy from the radiation will causes random changes within the very structure of genes. Evolutionists believe that if given enough time these accidental changes within the structure of genes will change the biology of an animal or plant from simpler to more complex or from type of life into another. The reality, however, is otherwise.
Because mutations are accidents they are almost always harmful. Even if a good mutation occurred for every good one there will be thousands of harmful (or bad) ones with the net effect over time being disastrous for the species. Imagine ramming your car into a tree hoping that if you do it enough times the accidental changes to the car will eventually turn the car into an airplane. Or imagine that by randomly changing the sequence of letters in a romance novel will turn it into a book on astronomy.
Most biological changes in a species are not from mutations but, rather, from new combinations of already existing genes. People often ask how all the varieties of humans (the various "races") could have come from Adam and Eve. It's simple and it didn't have to involve mutations.
In principle, it's no different than asking how children with different color hair (i.e., blond, brunette, brown, red) can come from the same parents who both have black hair.
Just as some individuals today carry genes to produce descendants with different color hair and eyes, humanity's first parents, Adam and Eve, possessed genes to produce all the variety and races of men. You and I today may not carry the genes to produce every variety or race of humans, but humanity's first parents did possess such genes.
All varieties of humans carry genes for the same basic traits, but not all humans carry every possible variation of those genes. For example, one person may be carrying several variations of the gene for eye color (i.e., brown, green, blue), but someone else may be carrying only one variation of the gene for eye color (i.e., brown). Thus, both will have different abilities to affect the eye color of their offspring.
Some parents with black hair, for example, are capable of producing children with blond hair, but their blond children (because they inherit only recessive genes) will not have the ability to produce children with black hair unless they mate with someone else who has black hair. If the blond descendants only mate with other blondes then the entire line and population will only be blond even though the original ancestor was black-haired.
In reality there is only one race - the human race - within which exists myriad variations.
The evidence from science shows that only micro-evolution (variations within a biological "kind" such as the varieties of dogs, cats, horses, cows, etc.) is possible but not macro-evolution (variations across biological "kinds", especially from simpler kinds to more complex ones). The only evolution that occurs in nature is micro-evolution (or horizontal evolution) but not macro-evolution (vertical evolution).
The genetic ability for micro-evolution exists in nature but not the genetic ability for macro-evolution. The genes (chemical and genetic instructions or programs) for micro-evolution exist in every species but not the genes for macro-evolution. Unless Nature has the intelligence and ability to perform genetic engineering (to construct entirely new genes and not just to produce variations and new combinations of already existing genes) then macro-evolution will never be possible in nature.
We have varieties of dogs today that we didn't have a couple of hundred years ago. All of this is just another example of micro-evolution (horizontal evolution) in nature. No matter how many varieties of dogs come into being they will always remain dogs and not change or evolve into some other kind of animal. Even the formation of an entirely new species of plant or animal from hybridization will not support Darwinian evolution since such hybridization does not involve any production of new genetic information but merely the recombination of already existing genes.
Modifications and new combinations of already existing genes for already existing traits have been shown to occur in nature but never the production of entirely new genes or new traits. This is true even with genetic mutations. For example, mutations in the genes for human hair may change the genes so that another type of human hair develops, but the mutations won't change the genes for human hair so that feathers, wings, or entirely new traits develop. Mutations may even cause duplication of already existing traits (i.e. an extra finger, toe, etc. even in another part of the body!), but none of these things qualify as new traits.
As was mentioned, evolutionists believe that, if given enough time, random or chance mutations in the genetic code caused by random environmental forces such as radiation will produce entirely new genes for entirely new traits which natural selection can act upon or preserve.
However, there is no scientific evidence whatsoever that random mutations have the ability to generate entirely new genes which would program for the development of entirely new traits in species. It would require genetic engineering to accomplish such a feat. Random genetic mutations caused by the environment will never qualify as genetic engineering!
